I leaned on my background as a chemical engineer to supply insights on the effectiveness of those controversial chemical compounds. In my experiment, I examined eight of probably the most generally out there chemical drain cleaners: six alkaline and two acidic. I carried out dissolution checks to judge how effectively every of them may dissolve drain blockages. I had one purpose: to find out which merchandise, if any, would work successfully towards the commonest clogging supplies.
For this rundown, I headed to CNET’s product testing lab in Louisville, Kentucky, to conduct a complete batch distillation experiment with eight of probably the most generally used chemical drain cleaners available on the market. My main goal was to find out the effectivity of every product in dissolving numerous varieties of clogging supplies, together with natural matter, grease, paper merchandise and pet hair (the identical pet hair we use for our robotic vacuum checks, as a matter of truth). All through the experiment, I additionally famous the pH ranges of the cleansing options when combined with water and monitored any temperature adjustments. Moreover, I thought of the chemical composition and flexibility of use of every product when evaluating them to at least one one other.
Acids vs. bases
Earlier than conducting experiments with these substances, I separated them into acids and bases. As chances are you’ll recall from highschool chemistry, acids are compounds that donate a hydrogen ion (H+) when combined with water and have a pH decrease than 7. However, bases are compounds that settle for these ions (or hydroxide, OH- ions) and have a pH greater than 7. Understanding this distinction is essential, as a consequence of two vital elements related to these merchandise: corrosivity and causticity.
Corrosivity refers back to the potential of a chemical substance to trigger rust and deterioration of the supplies that make up your piping system. Causticity, alternatively, pertains to how a chemical substance reacts when it comes into contact with natural matter, particularly breaking down proteins and different natural molecules, which may result in tissue destruction or chemical burns.
To find out the acidity or basicity of every compound, we measure their pH. In easy phrases, the extra acidic or primary a compound is, the larger its potential for corrosivity and causticity.
Pattern pH studying from one in every of our take a look at topics. 11.38 pH corresponds to an alkaline resolution.Â
Acidic drain cleaners, notably these with excessive acid concentrations like sulfuric acid drain cleaners, are extra hazardous in comparison with their primary or alkaline counterparts. In chemistry, the order of addition does matter. Usually, you’ll progressively introduce an acid to water, slowly rising the focus of the acid. By no means add water to an acid as this response is thought to generate a major quantity of warmth and launch hazardous fumes. See for your self within the GIF under (and do not do that at dwelling).Â
Including water into this beaker of sulfuric acid creates a right away exothermic response, boiling the water on contact and releasing hazardous smoke into the air. Don’t do that at dwelling!
To make sure security throughout the experiments, I took essential precautions by carrying private protecting tools, together with security goggles, gloves, long-sleeved clothes and a masks. The dissolution take a look at was carried out in a well-ventilated laboratory space to reduce publicity to any hazardous fumes which may be launched.
Dissolution take a look at
To start the experiment, I weighed particular quantities of the clogging supplies into separate 1,000 ml beakers:
- 4 grams of hair
- 20 grams of natural matter (10 grams every of apple peels and carrot peels)
- 40 grams of lard for grease
- 14 grams of paper merchandise (7 grams every of bathroom paper and paper towels)
Utilizing a graduated cylinder, I rigorously measured and added 200 ml of every primary drain cleaner and 70 ml of every acidic drain cleaner to the respective beakers, stirring the mixtures with a glass rod and guaranteeing thorough mixing with out spills. Following the directions supplied with every product, I allowed the options to take a seat for the advisable time, sometimes between 15 and half-hour.
A vital step in my take a look at was the inclusion of water, a element usually ignored in related experiments discovered on-line. Chemical drain cleaners are designed to work within the presence of water, which facilitates the transportation of the cleaner to the clogs and evenly distributes the answer over their surfaces, enabling the dissolution course of. After the designated time had elapsed, I added faucet water to every beaker containing the cleaner options and clogging supplies. For primary drain cleaners (pH > 7.0), I used 500 ml of sizzling water at 46 levels C, whereas for acidic drain cleaners (pH < 7.0), I used 700 ml of chilly water at 19 levels C.
To permit adequate time for the chemical compounds to work, I left the samples to take a seat in a single day and resumed the analysis the next morning. By this level, the samples had remodeled into sludgy, slimy mixtures.
Hair dissolution take a look at in progress
To proceed with the experiment, I employed a vacuum filtration course of utilizing a Buchner funnel linked to a 1,000ml filtering flask outfitted with a pump. The contents of every beaker had been rigorously poured into the funnel whereas the pump was activated. As soon as a lot of the chemical drain cleaner had been drawn out of the funnel, I carried out a water wash to take away any residual chemical compounds from the floor of the particles samples, guaranteeing that solely moist solids remained within the Buchner funnel.Â
Our Buchner funnel, manufactured from chemically resistant borosilicate glass, featured a perforated plate with 2ml openings, permitting solely the tiniest particles to cross by means of. In my take a look at logic, “if a substance, stable or liquid, may cross by means of the 2mm openings within the filter, it was extremely unlikely to trigger pipe clogging.”
On the left, our vacuum filtration setup. Liquid and dissolved solids cross by means of 2mm holes within the Buchner funnel plate on the proper — something that does not cross by means of is taken into account potential clog materials.
Lastly, I separated the samples and subjected them to a fan-drying course of for a number of hours to evaporate any remaining water from the wash. I recorded the ultimate weight of every pattern and in contrast it to its preliminary weight. The ratio of the ultimate weight to the preliminary weight supplied us with the dissolution effectivity of every drain cleaner product.
